> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ai4commsci.gitbook.io/formosanbank/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ai4commsci.gitbook.io/formosanbank/the-bank-architecture/corpora/whitehorn-collection.md).

# Whitehorn Collection

## **Overview**

These are audio recordings contributed by John Whitehorn to the World Oral Literature project: <https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/collections/1240188b-2f4c-401e-9372-58177440d9c6>. The recordings were mostly collected in the 1960s. Dates are available in the PDFs (found in the repository) but have not yet been incorporated into the XMLs.

The recordings are not transcribed, and many are songs.

They are mostly Paiwan but also some Atayal, Seediq, and Amis.

***

## Corpus Statistics

|                           | <p>Amis<br>unknown</p> | <p>Paiwan<br>Southern</p> | <p>Paiwan<br>unknown</p> | <p>Atayal<br>unknown</p> | <p>Seediq<br>unknown</p> |
| ------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------ | ------------------------ |
| Word count                | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Total audio               | 0.2h                   | 0.1h                      | 12.4h                    | 0.5h                     | 0.1h                     |
| Transcribed               | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Untranscribed             | 0.2h                   | 0.1h                      | 12.4h                    | 0.5h                     | 0.1h                     |
| Translated words          |                        |                           |                          |                          |                          |
| English                   | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Mandarin                  | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Japanese                  | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Dutch                     | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Morphologically segmented | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |
| Glossed words             | 0                      | 0                         | 0                        | 0                        | 0                        |

***

## **Corpus Processing**

N/A

***

## **Corpus Notes**

* Recording quality is about what you would expect, given the age.
* The recordings are not transcribed, so each XML file carries record-level metadata and an audio link, with no sentence tiers.
* Whitehorn labels 46 of the Paiwan recordings "north-west", written variously as `(NW)`, `(? NW)`, `(north-west)` and `(north-west dialect)`. Northwest is not one of FormosanBank's Paiwan dialects, so those records carry `dialect="unknown"` rather than being mapped onto Northern. Only two recordings state a dialect FormosanBank recognises, and both are Southern Paiwan.
* One tape has no XML record. The accession form for `Whitehorn_Paiwan_03A_01` describes a BBC Radio 3 broadcast from February 1993, *Songs to help the crops grow* — eight chants assigned by item number to Bunun (nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6), Amis (nos. 4, 8) and Atayal (no. 7) — but gives times for the tape side only as a whole, `00.00` to `c.19.00`. Without per-track times it cannot be split into one record per language, so the released master is published as an audio extra only. Those Bunun chants are the only Bunun material in the collection.

***

## **Access Details**

* The repo containing the Whitehorn Collection in FormosanBank as well as PDFs of Whitehorn's notes can be found [here](https://github.com/FormosanBank/FormosanBank/tree/main/Corpora/Whitehorn_Collection).

***

## **Copyright**

CC BY-NC 4.0

***

## Citation

In accordance with our [Terms of Use](/formosanbank/additional-resources/terms-of-use.md), if you use this corpus or any product derived from this corpus in any publication, you must cite both FormosanBank and:

* Whitehorn, J. (n.d.). Whitehorn: Paiwan collection. Retrieved February 24, 2025, from <https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/collections/1240188b-2f4c-401e-9372-58177440d9c6> and <https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/collections/dc1f2cd8-36da-48e1-979b-fe478eff6a91>